Complete List of Excel Functions 2025 – Categorized Guide with Descriptions for Excel 365

Sep 7, 2025

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In Microsoft Excel 365 (latest version, 2025), there are over 500 built-in functions.

📊 Function Count Overview

Excel Version	Approx. Number of Functions	Notes
Excel 2003	~ 330 functions	Mostly math, text, logical, financial
Excel 2007	~ 340 functions	Added new statistical & financial functions
Excel 2010	~ 350 functions	Introduced new functions like AGGREGATE
Excel 2013	~ 380 functions	Added more engineering & cube functions
Excel 2016	~ 470 functions	Added TEXTJOIN, IFS, MAXIFS, MINIFS, CONCAT
Excel 2019	~ 480 functions	Similar to 2016 with some enhancements
Excel 365	≈ 520+ functions	Includes Dynamic Array functions (FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, RANDARRAY, SEQUENCE) and Lambda functions

🔑 Categories of Functions in Excel

Math & Trigonometry – SUM, ROUND, SIN, COS, etc.
Statistical – AVERAGE, MEDIAN, STDEV, VAR, etc.
Logical – IF, AND, OR, IFERROR, IFS.
Text – LEFT, RIGHT, MID, TEXTJOIN, CONCAT, VALUE.
Date & Time – TODAY, NOW, EOMONTH, DATEDIF.
Lookup & Reference – VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH, XLOOKUP.
Financial – NPV, IRR, PMT, FV.
Engineering – COMPLEX, DELTA, CONVERT.
Information – ISERROR, ISNUMBER, TYPE.
Database – DSUM, DCOUNT.
Cube – CUBEMEMBER, CUBEVALUE.
Web / Dynamic Array (Excel 365) – FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, SEQUENCE, RANDARRAY.
Lambda & Custom Functions (Excel 365) – LAMBDA, MAP, REDUCE, MAKEARRAY, BYROW, BYCOL.

1. Math & Trigonometry Functions

Function	Description
SUM	Adds all numbers in a range
SUMIF	Adds numbers in a range that meet a condition
SUMIFS	Adds numbers that meet multiple conditions
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, towards zero
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
TRUNC	Truncates a number to a specified number of digits
POWER	Returns a number raised to a power
SQRT	Returns the square root of a number
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number
MOD	Returns the remainder after division
PI	Returns the value of π
SIN	Returns the sine of an angle
COS	Returns the cosine of an angle
TAN	Returns the tangent of an angle
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent of two numbers (x, y)

2. Statistical Functions

Function	Description
AVERAGE	Returns the average of numbers
AVERAGEIF	Returns the average of numbers that meet a condition
AVERAGEIFS	Returns the average of numbers that meet multiple conditions
COUNT	Counts the number of numeric values
COUNTA	Counts all non-empty cells
COUNTBLANK	Counts empty cells
COUNTIF	Counts cells that meet a condition
COUNTIFS	Counts cells that meet multiple conditions
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a range
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a range
MEDIAN	Returns the median of numbers
MODE	Returns the most frequent number
STDEV.P	Standard deviation for the entire population
STDEV.S	Standard deviation for a sample
VAR.P	Variance for the entire population
VAR.S	Variance for a sample
RANK.EQ	Returns the rank of a number
RANK.AVG	Returns the rank with average in case of ties

3. Logical Functions

Function	Description
IF	Returns one value if condition is TRUE, another if FALSE
AND	Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE
OR	Returns TRUE if any condition is TRUE
NOT	Reverses the logical value
IFERROR	Returns a value if no error, otherwise specified value
IFS	Checks multiple conditions in order
SWITCH	Evaluates expressions against a list of values
TRUE	Returns logical TRUE
FALSE	Returns logical FALSE

4. Text Functions

Function	Description
CONCAT	Combines text from multiple ranges or strings
TEXTJOIN	Joins text with a delimiter, ignoring blanks
LEFT	Returns the first characters of a string
RIGHT	Returns the last characters of a string
MID	Returns characters from the middle of a string
LEN	Returns the length of a string
TRIM	Removes extra spaces
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter of each word
REPLACE	Replaces characters in a string
SUBSTITUTE	Replaces occurrences of text with new text
VALUE	Converts text to a number
FIND	Finds the position of text in a string (case-sensitive)
SEARCH	Finds the position of text (not case-sensitive)

5. Date & Time Functions

Function	Description
TODAY	Returns the current date
NOW	Returns the current date and time
DATE	Creates a date from year, month, day
TIME	Creates a time from hour, minute, second
DAY	Returns the day of a date
MONTH	Returns the month of a date
YEAR	Returns the year of a date
HOUR	Returns the hour of a time
MINUTE	Returns the minute of a time
SECOND	Returns the second of a time
EOMONTH	Returns the last day of the month
WORKDAY	Returns a date after adding working days
NETWORKDAYS	Counts working days between two dates
DATEDIF	Returns difference between two dates

6. Lookup & Reference Functions

Function	Description
VLOOKUP	Looks up a value vertically in a table
HLOOKUP	Looks up a value horizontally in a table
XLOOKUP	Advanced lookup (vertical or horizontal)
INDEX	Returns the value of a cell in a table based on row & column
MATCH	Returns the relative position of a value in a range
OFFSET	Returns a cell or range offset by rows and columns
ROW	Returns the row number
COLUMN	Returns the column number
ROWS	Counts the number of rows in a range
COLUMNS	Counts the number of columns in a range
CHOOSE	Returns a value from a list based on index number
HYPERLINK	Creates a clickable hyperlink

7. Financial Functions

Function	Description
PMT	Calculates loan payment
FV	Future value of an investment
PV	Present value of an investment
NPV	Net present value
IRR	Internal rate of return
RATE	Interest rate per period
PPMT	Principal portion of a loan payment
IPMT	Interest portion of a loan payment
CUMIPMT	Cumulative interest payment
CUMPRINC	Cumulative principal payment

8. Engineering Functions

Function	Description
COMPLEX	Returns a complex number
IMABS	Absolute value of a complex number
IMAGINARY	Imaginary coefficient of a complex number
IMREAL	Real coefficient of a complex number
DELTA	Checks equality of two numbers
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement unit to another

9. Information Functions

Function	Description
ISNUMBER	Checks if a value is a number
ISTEXT	Checks if a value is text
ISBLANK	Checks if a cell is blank
ISERROR	Checks if a value is any error
ISERR	Checks if a value is an error except #N/A
TYPE	Returns the type of a value

10. Database & Cube Functions

Function	Description
DSUM	Sum values that meet database criteria
DCOUNT	Count values in a database
DGET	Extract a single value from a database
DMAX	Maximum in database based on criteria
DMIN	Minimum in database based on criteria
CUBEMEMBER	Returns a member from cube
CUBEVALUE	Returns value from cube
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY	Returns member property from cube

11. Dynamic Array & New Excel 365 Functions

Function	Description
FILTER	Returns filtered array based on condition
SORT	Sorts array of values
SORTBY	Sorts array by another array
UNIQUE	Returns unique values from a range
SEQUENCE	Generates a sequence of numbers
RANDARRAY	Returns array of random numbers
XMATCH	Returns position of a value in a range (better than MATCH)

12. LAMBDA & Custom Functions (Excel 365)

Function	Description
LAMBDA	Creates reusable custom functions
MAP	Applies a LAMBDA to each element in an array
REDUCE	Reduces an array to a single value using LAMBDA
MAKEARRAY	Creates an array using LAMBDA
BYROW	Applies LAMBDA row-wise
BYCOL	Applies LAMBDA column-wise

💡 Tip: With Excel 365, you can combine dynamic arrays and LAMBDA functions to create an unlimited number of custom calculations, so technically the “number of functions” is infinite if you include user-defined ones.